Type 431 is a martensitic stainless steel alloy known for its hardenability, providing a blend of high tensile and torsional strength, making it particularly suitable for shaft manufacturing. This alloy is designed for applications demanding robust strength and toughness, along with reasonable corrosion resistance. Its notable resistance to saltwater corrosion renders it widely employed in marine equipment and systems. In its annealed state, Type 431 is easily machined; however, welding presents challenges due to cracking. To enhance welding performance, preheating of the material is recommended.